CyanogenMod 10.1 nightly builds are now available for the HTC One. The builds are available for the Sprint variant and the GSM version.
The builds, which are codenamed M7, are not yet stable but should work sufficiently for those eager to grab them. Audio on outgoing calls can be faulty. Users have gotten around this, however, by enabling "touch sounds" and calling using the dial pad.
"Flashing CyanogenMod onto your HTC One will 'remove' Sense 5 and yes, the much hated (but still very useful) BlinkFeed," the Phandroid website states. "Unfortunately, some of the One's better known features such as IR blaster functionality and Wi-Fi Calling for T-Mobile, are not working at the moment. Also, calling is a bit wonky as well."
CyanogenMod is a free, custom firmware. It is based on Android 4.2 Jelly Bean and is meant to boost performance over the stock Android version. Remember, though, that you flash at your own risk and doing so will void your warranty.
To get CyanogenMod 10.1 on your HTC One, you will need to have your bootloader unlocked and ClockworkMod-Recovery installed. You'll have to copy the build over, as well as Google Apps. After booting into recovery mode, you should be able to flash the CM 10.1 firmware and Google Apps onto the HTC One. Rebooting should allow CyanogenMod 10.1 to run instead of stock Android.
Check out the wiki pages for the GSM and Sprint versions for some basic info and information on downloading the builds for the GSM and Sprint variants.